梨生物活性成分及其提取方法研究进展OA

By-products generated throughout the entire pear(Pyrus spp.)industrial chain,including peels,branches,leaves,and unripe fruits,are abundant sources of high-value bioactive components.Current research indicates that bioactive com-pounds such as phenolics,triterpenoids,and arbutin exhibit significant"spatiotemporal heterogeneity",characterized by considerably higher concentrations in peels,branches,leaves,and unripe fruits compared to mature pulp.This distribution pattern underscores the superiority of these by-products as raw materials for extraction.Regarding extraction techniques,while traditional organic solvent extraction is well-established,its application is constrained by issues of solvent residues and environmental toxicity.A comparative analysis reveals that green,efficient extraction technologies offer a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional methods regarding mass transfer efficiency and solvent residues.These technologies represent a critical pathway for the valorization of pear processing by-products,provided that extraction strate-gies are flexibly selected based on the physical characteristics of the raw materials and the stability of the target compo-nents.Bioactive components from pears possess immense development potential in the fields of skin-whitening cosmetics and gut health-promoting foods.However,future research should prioritize multi-scale industrial validation,artificial intel-ligence-driven multi-objective process optimization,and the in-depth elucidation of synergistic interactions among compo-nents,aiming to advance the comprehensive,high-value utilization of pear resources.