超氧化物歧化酶稳定性提升及其应用的研究进展OA

Superoxide dismutase(SOD)is a class of metalloenzymes widely distributed in animals,plants,and microorganisms.It plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and protecting against oxidative stress.Owing to its excellent antioxidant properties,SOD shows broad application prospects in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.However,natural SODs generally suffer from poor stability,susceptibility to degradation,and insufficient thermal adaptability,which severely limit their industrial applications.Therefore,in recent years,the development of SODs with enhanced stability and high catalytic efficiency has become a major research focus through approaches such as protein engineering,gene mining,and expression optimization.In particular,significant progress has been made in improving the thermal stability of SOD using rational design,semi-rational design,and directed evolution strategies.This review summarized the classification,discovery,and stability-enhancement strategies of SOD,and discussed its potential applications in food preservation,disease prevention,and the development of antioxidant products.