巴楚蘑菇研究进展OA

Bachu mushrooms,including Helvella bachu,H.spadicea,and H.subspadicea,are rare edible and medicinal fungi endemic to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.They have significant ecological and economic value.These fungi form complex interaction networks with their host plants,endofungal bacteria,and rhizosphere microorganisms within the unique desert riparian forest ecosystem.Despite over three decades of effort,artificial domestication of Bachu mushrooms remains a significant bottleneck,primarily due to its obligate ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with host trees such as Populus euphratica and P.pruinosa.In this review,we summarized current knowledge regarding the taxonomic status,morphological characteristics,nutritional and medicinal value,habitat,and resource status of Bachu mushrooms.We specifically focused on the"quaternary symbiosis"system—involving the fungus,host plant,endofungal bacteria,and soil microbiota.By drawing comparative insights from the biological research and successful domestication pathways of phylogenetically related taxa within the same order,notably truffles(Tuber spp.)and morels(Morchella spp.),we analyzed the challenges hindering the domestication of Helvella species and proposed strategic perspectives for future research of these desert delicacy.