野生新疆细虫草子实体和菌丝体代谢物及其提取物的抗氧化活性比较分析OA

Using a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF MS),the metabolite profiles between fruiting bodies of wild Ophiocordyceps gracilis(Xinjiang Cordyceps)and its cultured mycelia were compared.Subsequent quantitative analyses of nucleosides,sugar alcohols,and small-molecule sugars were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography(HPAEC).The antioxidant activities of the water and ethanol extracts of both sources were evaluated using chemical fluorescence assays.The results showed that a total of 518 metabolites were identified from wild fruiting bodies and cultured mycelia,primarily categorized into organic acids and their derivatives,oxygen-containing organic compounds,lipids and lipid-like molecules,organic heterocyclic compounds,nucleosides/nucleotides and their analogues,phenyl-type compounds,and nitrogen-containing organic compounds.Compared with wild fruiting bodies,49 metabolites were significantly up-regulated and 17 were significantly down-regulated in cultured mycelia.These differential metabolites were predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways including ABC transporters,galactose metabolism,synaptic vesicle cycle,linoleic acid metabolism,taste transduction,and glutathione metabolism.Both sources contained six nucleosides(cytidine,uridine,inosine,thymidine,adenosine,and guanosine),three sugar alcohols(erythritol,arabitol,and mannitol),and four small molecules(glucose,galactose,mannose,and trehalose).The contents of all these quantified components were higher in the mycelia than in the fruiting bodies,except erythritol(lower)and mannitol(no significant difference).Both the water and alcohol extracts of the mycelia exhibited lower ICso against superoxide anion,hydroxyl radical,and hydrogen peroxide compared with those of the fruiting bodies.These findings provided a reference for considering cultured mycelia as a potential substitute for wild O.gracilis fruiting bodies.