从成人视角走向儿童视角:幼儿服药行为的转变及其教育意义OACHSSCD

Educators should break through the barriers of abult perspective and recognize that"I don't want to take medicine"is a normal behavioral response of young children.Firstly,on a physiological logic,aversion to bitterness is a defense mechanism evolved in humans to avoid toxic substances.Secondly,on a psychological logic,children are profound-ly influenced by factors such as conditioned reflexes,generalization,and vicarious reinforcement.Finally,on a cultural log-ic,refusing medication equates to denying one's own illness.To encourage children's willingness to take medicine,repeat-ed practical explorations gradually revealed that a combination of rewards and punishments,while seemingly balanced be-tween hardness and softness,yields minimal results;high-frequency reinforcement,though effective in stimulating children's motivation in the short term,is difficult to sustain and can lead to the alienation of the target behavior;tool-as-sisted methods,while mitigating the risk of choking,may trigger conditioned reflexes due to forced action,leading to the generalization of resistance;the method of"replacing the beams and pillars"(substitution)cleverly utilizes children's cog-nitive characteristics,transforming the negative experience of"medicine refusal"into the positive experience of"medicine seeking",ultimately achieving a fundamental shift in children's attitude towards medication.The journey of young children from"I don't want to take medicine"to"I want to take more medicine"encapsulates transformations from"certainty"to"not-knowing",from"being made to"to"I want to",and from"bitter medicine"to"syrup",carrying significant educational implications.This requires educators to adopt a child's perspective:suspending and renewing their own life experiences,awakening and stimulating the inter-subjectivity between both educational parties,and keenly observing and listening to the subtleties within the educational setting.