东北地区栎类淀粉原料林资源现状及良种选育

[Objective]Based on the abundant Quercus resources in Northeast China and targeting the starch raw mater ial forest cultivation industry,this article analyzes the area,types,and current situation of Quercus resources in Northeast China.Taking forestry industry in Heilongjiang Province as the specific research object,relying on the results of early bre eding of excellent varieties,this article explores the development of Quercus starch raw material resource cultivation indust ry in Northeast China.[Result]The area of Quercus forests in Northeast China is approximately 6 million hm2.There ar e 7 species,5 varieties,2 hybrids,and 1 form of Quercus plants.Mainly used for materials such as floors and piles.It i s also an important raw material for the edible mushroom industry.The selection and breeding of high-quality Quercus sta rch raw material forests should be carried out at altitudes≤600m,with sunny or semi sunny slopes,slopes≤25 ° or below,effective soil layer thickness≥15cm,and soil layer A thickness≥7cm or above.High attention should be paid to the collection of germplasm resources for some sturdy,extreme site conditions or isolated trees.The origin of the fore st should be a natural seedling forest,with a forest age of 30-50 years.The composition of Quercus tree species is more than 50%,and the fruiting capacity is more than 15%higher than the surrounding comparison trees.The forest is relativel y consistent,with robust plants and trees,no disease or pest harm,and low fruit insect infestation rate.The canopy closur e is between 0.2 and 0.6.The main types are orchard fruit type,thin shell type,and early maturing type.The crown sha pe should mainly be cup shaped,open center shaped,and round headed.The tree body should be a dwarf shape,and the tree posture should choose to be open or semi open.Through the study of the geographical variation patterns of the shap e and main component indicators of Quercus seeds from the ethanol raw material forest of Quercus mongolica,the size,weight,and starch content of seeds from different provenance show a gradually increasing trend from north to south latitu de and from high to low altitude.The thickness of the acorn shell,tannins,and fat content are negatively correlated with the size,weight,and starch content of the acorn.As latitude and altitude decrease,the thickness of the acorn shell gradua lly decreases.[Conclusion]The Northeast region is rich in Quercus resources,and the development of Quercus starch ra w material forests has obvious advantages.The development mode should be based on sufficient resource survey,and indu strial layout planning should be done well.The breeding objectives of high-quality oak starch raw material forests should be high yield,stable yield,high starch content,high resistance,and storage tolerance,and an intensive orchard managemen t model should be adopted.At the same time,attention should be paid to addressing the ecological,policy,pest control,a nd intensive management technologies related to the development of Quercus starch raw material forest industry.