利益相关者对森林生态系统服务的认知：以中国和加拿大国家公园为例
Stakeholders'perceptions of forest ecosystem services:A study of national parks in China and Canada
[目的]本研究以中国神农架和加拿大班夫国家公园为例，识别并评估了主要利益相关者(农民、个体经营者、政府官员和游客)对各种森林生态系统服务的偏好特征。[方法]通过利用Q方法和半结构化访谈，研究了24名Q参与者对7类森林生态系统服务的23个Q语句进行排名的结果(范围从-3到+3)。[结果]利益相关者对森林服务的偏好可以归纳为三个不同的视角：旅游文化、生产生活、生态保护。不同类型的利益相关者在森林生态系统服务的看法既有共识，也有分歧，如对“自然生态旅游与生物多样性保护”等服务，有较强的共识，而对“森林保护”服务则持强烈反对态度。此外，利益相关者阐述解释他们偏好不同类型森林服务的原因。总体而言，本研究表明，除了考虑森林本身提供的服务外，政策制定者还需要关注国家公园利益相关者的偏好和需求差异。这确保更全面地满足多样化的社会需求，并有助于制定更有效的政策，促进国家公园的可持续管理和保护。
[Objective]Using China's Shennongjia National Park Pilot(SNP)and Canada's Banff National Park(BNP)as case studies,this research identifies and evaluates the preference characteristics of key stakeholders(including farmers,individual operators,government officials,and tourists)towards various FESs.[Method]Q methodology and semi-structured interviews with 24 Q participants were utilized to sort 23 Q statements regarding FESs across seven categories(ranging from-3 to+3).[Result]Stakeholders'preferences towards FESs were categorized into three common perspectives:tourism and culture,production and living,and ecological conservation.Different types of stakeholders were found to have both consensus and divergence regarding their views on FESs.For instance,there was strong consensus on services related to natural ecotourism and biodiversity conservation,while the stakeholders expressed strong opposition regarding services related to forest protection.Furthermore,the stakeholders elucidated the reasons for their preferences for different types of FESs.[Conclusion]Overall,the findings of this study indicate that in addition to considering the services provided by forests themselves,policymakers must also consider the preferences and divergences in needs among stakeholders of national parks.This will ensure a more comprehensive fulfillment of diverse societal needs and will facilitate the formulation of more effective policies to promote the sustainable management and conservation of national parks.
张洋洋;王光玉;滕明君;许骄阳;傅强;王鹏程;
华中农业大学园艺林学学院,中国 武汉 430070##不列颠哥伦比亚大学,加拿大温哥华 V6T 1Z4;不列颠哥伦比亚大学,加拿大温哥华 V6T 1Z4;华中农业大学园艺林学学院,中国 武汉 430070;华中农业大学园艺林学学院,中国 武汉 430070;华中农业大学园艺林学学院,中国 武汉 430070;华中农业大学园艺林学学院,中国 武汉 430070;
Forest Ecosystem Services National Parks Q-Methodology Stakeholder Perception
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