免疫细胞在畜禽脂肪产热中的调控作用OA

Adipose tissue is a vital metabolic organ that functions in both energy storage and thermogenesis.Brown and beige adipocytes serve as key thermogenic cells,whose differentiation and thermogenic activity are regulated by various factors.Immune cells play a central role in this process through the secretion of cytokines,with macrophages and ILC2s occupying pivotal positions in the regulatory network.Furthermore,cells such as ILC2s,Th2 cells,Tregs,iNKT cells,and γδ T cells participate through diverse mechanisms,collectively forming an immune-metabolic regulatory network that maintains systemic energy homeostasis.While current researches in this field are largely based on mouse models,studies on the underlying mechanisms in livestock remain limited.Nevertheless,thermogenic capacity not only influences environmental adaptation in animals but is also closely associated with key production traits such as disease resistance,feed efficiency,and body fat deposition.Therefore,this review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms by which immune cells regulate adipose thermogenesis,along with preliminary findings in livestock,with the aim of highlighting the potential of this research direction to inform the development of novel green feed additives,improve cold resistance and meat quality in livestock,and thereby promote the sustainable development of green animal husbandry.