中药诱导成纤维样滑膜细胞线粒体凋亡抗类风湿关节炎的研究进展OA

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a highly teratogenic autoimmune disease that remains incurable.The abnormal proliferation and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)are key drivers of joint destruction in RA.The endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway regulates the growth,proliferation,and metabolism of RA-FLS and has become an important therapeutic target.Although modern therapies can alleviate symptoms and delay disease progression,their long-term use is often limited by adverse reactions.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),based on syndrome differentiation and a holistic treatment philosophy,demonstrates unique therapeutic advantages in multitarget regulation of RA.Studies have shown that bioactive components of TCM and the classical herbal formulae may induce mitochondrial apoptosis of RA-FLS by regulating signaling pathways including nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3),and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt).These effects are accompanied by reduced inflammatory responses,inhibition of FLS proliferation and invasion,suppression of autophagy,pyroptosis,and angiogenesis,cell-cycle arrest,and overall attenuation of RA pathology.This review systematically summarizes current evidence on the mechanisms by which TCM regulates mitochondrial apoptosis in RA-FLS,with the aim of providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for RA.