卵巢冷冻保存与移植技术研究应用进展OA

Ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation represent one of the key strategies for the conservation of genetic resources in livestock,poultry,and laboratory animals,as well as for human female fertility preservation.With advances in cryobiology and cell engineering technology,ovarian tissue-based preservation of female genetic resources has garnered extensive attention,as it enables intact retention of genomic information,offers low implementation costs,and holds substantial regenerative potential.At present,the most widely used cryopreservation protocols mainly include slow freezing and vitrification.Of these,vitrification has gradually emerged as the mainstream approach,owing to its faster cooling rates,lower risk of ice crystal-induced damage,and superior follicle survival rates.For transplantation,available technical strategies encompass orthotopic,ectopic,and xenogeneic transplantation.This technology has achieved remarkable progress in restoring endocrine function,enabling natural conception or successful assisted reproduction outcomes,and its feasibility has been well-documented in multiple species,including mice,sheep,chickens,and humans.However,this suite of technologies still faces key challenges,including cryodamage,immune rejection,the complexity of surgical procedures,and unresolved long-term safety concerns.This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress and applied outcomes of ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation technologies.In view of the current technical limitations,we outline key future research priorities in this field,including the development of low-toxicity,high-efficacy cryoprotective agents,optimization of thawing and transplantation protocols,exploration of immune tolerance mechanisms,and the expansion of its applications in the conservation of endangered animal species.Taken together,these advances are expected to provide more robust technical support for biodiversity conservation and human reproductive health.