超临界二氧化碳发泡聚合物复合材料在电磁防护中的进展:从合理结构设计到以吸收为主导的性能OA

Cellular architecture,which dictates the spatial distribution of polymer matrices and functional networks,is a critical determinant in optimizing the interaction between materials and electromagnetic waves.Recently,supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO2)foaming technology has emerged as a transformative fabrication strategy in the field of electromagnetic protection,since its unique gas-templated molecular and filler reorganization capabilities enable the synthesis of lightweight porous materials with precise microstructural control that are superior to conventional solid composites or chemically blown counterparts.Therefore,scCO2 foaming provides a versatile platform for developing high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and microwave absorption materials with tunable dielectric properties and enhanced impedance matching.This review focuses on the recent advances in scCO2-foamed polymer composites for electromagnetic protection.It provides a comprehensive summary of fundamental foaming mechanisms,systematically examines the structural evolution of both flexible and rigid foam systems,ranging from single-layer nanocomposites to sophisticated gradient and multilayered architectures,and demonstrates their enhanced dissipation capabilities through mechanisms such as multiple internal reflections and scattering.Finally,we discuss the challenges and future directions for this field,including establishing rigorous"structure-process-property"correlations,integrating multiphysics simulations for inverse structural design,and developing sustainable,closed-loop material lifecycles.These efforts aim to provide theoretical and technical guidance on the rational design of next-generation,absorption-dominated electromagnetic protective materials.