肥料配施对花椒园土壤养分及产量的影响OA

This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of different fertilizers on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,and yield-related traits in a Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchard,to provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and field management.Using six-year-old'Xiaolongpao'Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees as the test material,an L9(34)orthogonal design was employed with different application levels of organic fertilizer(0.5,1.0,and 1.5 kg·plant-1),microbial fertilizer(1.0,1.5,and 2.0 kg·plant-1),and balanced compound fertilizer(1.0,2.0,and 3.0 kg·plant-1).A no-fertilizer treatment served as the control(CK).Soil nutrient content,enzyme activities,fruit set and fruit traits,and yield indicators were measured for all treatments.Fertilizer application significantly increased soil nutrient content and key enzyme activities,promoted fruit set and development,and increased Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield.The ranges of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium across treatments were 96.0-318.7,16.0-71.9,and 84.7-622.0 mg·kg-1,respectively,with some treatments being significantly superior to CK(136.0,35.3,and 120.0 mg·kg-1,respectively).The activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,catalase,sucrase,polyphenol oxidase,and peroxidase ranged from 52.1-106.7 μg·d-1·g-1,40.8-265.0 nmol·h-1·g-1,33.9-174.3 μmol·h-1·g-1,13.1-13.9 mg·d-1·g-1,164.0-495.3 nmol·h-1·g-1,and 647.3-1394.0 nmol·h-1·g-1,respectively.With the exception of urease,the activities of the other enzymes were generally higher than those in the CK(107.0 μg·d-1·g-1,46.5 nmol·h-1·g-1,46.2 μmol·h-1·g-1,13.3 mg·d-1·g-1,424.7 nmol·h-1·g-1,and 1152.0 nmol·h-1·g-1,respectively).For yield-related traits,most fertilizer treatments outperformed the CK.The fruit set rate,successful fruit set rate,and fruit drop rate were 66.8%-84.7%,60.2%-76.9%,and 23.1%-39.8%,respectively(CK:74.1%,71.8%,and 28.2%).The number of fruits per spike,fresh hundred-grain weight,fruit diameter,fresh Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield,and yield per canopy projection area were 27.7-50.7 grains·spike-1,6.23-7.06 g,4.71-5.04 mm,803.0-2381 kg·hm-2,and 0.077-0.121 kg·m-2,respectively(CK:28.9 grains·spike-1,6.28 g,4.88 mm,1732.5 kg·hm-2,and 0.098 kg·m-2).Significant(P<0.05)or highly significant(P<0.01)differences were observed among treatments for all aforementioned indicators,except for available phosphorus,fruit set rate,and yield per canopy area.Balanced compound fertilizer was the dominant factor affecting the successful fruit set rate,fruit drop rate,fresh hundred-grain weight,and fruit diameter.In contrast,the fruit set rate,number of fruits per spike,fresh Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield,and yield per canopy area were influenced by the interaction between microbial fertilizer and balanced compound fertilizer.Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus with the number of fruits per spike(P<0.05).Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities showed highly significant positive correlations with fresh pepper yield(P<0.01).Based on comprehensive evaluation,treatment combination 9 performed the best in promoting fruit set,fruit development,and yield increase.In summary,the rational combined application of organic fertilizer,microbial fertilizer,and balanced compound fertilizer optimized soil nutrient structure,regulated soil enzyme activities,improved fruit set traits,promoted fruit development,and consequently increased yield.For six-year-old Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards,the application of 1.5 kg·plant-1 organic fertilizer,2.0 kg·plant-1 microbial fertilizer,and 2.0 kg·plant-1 balanced compound fertilizer was recommended to achieve high-quality and efficient production.