间作体系作物磷获取与利用策略研究进展OA

Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development.Although excessive P application remains widespread in intensive agricultural systems,the first-season use efficiency of P fertilizer is low,resulting in substantial P accumulation in soils as legacy P.Therefore,fully exploiting the biological potential of crops to enhance the reutilization of soil P and reduce dependence on external P application has become an important scientific challenge for green agricultural development.Intercropping,as a sustainable cropping practice,can promote the mobilization of sparingly available soil P through root-root and root-microbe interactions,thereby improving crop P acquisition and utilization.This review synthesizes recent advances in P acquisition and utilization strategies of crops in intercropping systems,with the main mechanisms summarized as follows:1)At the root morphological level,intercropping regulates root morphology and spatial distribution,thereby enhancing crop acquisition of soil P.2)At the root physiological level,intercropping promotes the secretion of carboxylates and phosphatases,facilitating the mobilization of sparingly soluble inorganic P and the mineralization of organic P.3)At the rhizosphere microbiome level,intercropping strengthens crop interactions with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,thereby promoting P mobilization and uptake.4)At the soil P pool level,intercropping facilitates the transformation of recalcitrant P into more labile P pools,thereby increasing soil P bioavailability.5)At the internal P utilization level,intercropping regulates P transport and redistribution and optimizes the allocation of different P fractions in leaves,thereby improving internal P use efficiency of crops.Overall,intercropping improves P use efficiency through the coordination of rhizosphere P mobilization and efficient internal P utilization,while indicating a potential linkage between belowground P acquisition and aboveground carbon assimilation and P utilization.These coordinated processes provide a biological basis for exploiting legacy soil P and improving P cycling within diversified cropping systems.However,several critical knowledge gaps remain:the coupling between aboveground photosynthetic carbon allocation and belowground P mobilization and uptake is still poorly understood;direct evidence for hyphal network-mediated interspecific P transfer and its regulatory mechanisms remains limited;and generalizable mechanisms underlying intercropping-induced improvements in P use efficiency across crop combinations and environments have yet to be established.Future research should adopt an integrated shoot-root perspective to elucidate the mechanisms by which photosynthetic carbon allocation drives rhizosphere P turnover and internal P utilization,and optimize intercropping configurations according to soil P pool characteristics and crop genotypic differences,thereby improving P use efficiency,reducing P fertilizer inputs,and promoting green agricultural development.