长江流域过鱼设施运行效果监测现状及未来思考OA

Water conservancy and hydropower projects weaken river longitudinal connectivity and cre-ate passage barriers for migratory,semi-migratory and seasonally dispersing fishes.Fish passage facilities are an important ecological compensation measure for mitigating barrier effects and maintaining up-stream-downstream fish movement,but their ecological efficiency needs to be verified through continu-ous,standardized monitoring.In this study,we reviewed the construction and operation of fish passage fa-cilities in the Yangtze River basin and summarized monitoring technologies,evaluation indicators,major findings and remaining weaknesses in performance monitoring,based on construction data of fish passage facilities,typical project monitoring,a monograph on fishway monitoring and evaluation,as well as inter-national studies.Available evidence shows that the number of fish passage facilities in the basin has in-creased rapidly,and engineering types have expanded from fishways and bypass channels to composite forms such as fish lifts and fish collection-transportation systems.Monitoring methods have also devel-oped from fish trapping,blocking and manual observation to multi-technology combinations involving video/infrared monitoring,hydroacoustics,Passive Integrated Transponder(PIT)telemetry,acoustic te-lemetry,flow-field modelling and intelligent recognition.Existing cases reveal passage species,abun-dance,diurnal and seasonal rhythms,as well as the effects of water level,velocity,water temperature and attraction flow.However,the proportion of publicly reported cases remains low,long-term monitoring se-ries are still insufficient,indicator definitions and evaluation criteria are not unified,and assessments of downstream passage,post-passage behaviour and population-scale ecological benefits remain weak.Fu-ture performance monitoring of fish passage facilities should be oriented toward basin-scale connectivity restoration,improve the multidimensional indicator system of"abiotic factors-fishway effectiveness-fish passage efficiency-ecological benefits",strengthen the integrated application of traditional sampling,con-tinuous video,hydroacoustics,PIT/acoustic telemetry,eDNA,AI recognition and hydro-hydraulic model-ling,and use monitoring results to support operational parameter adjustment,facility optimization and ecological regulation.