我国反刍动物甲烷减排调控研究进展OA

Global climate change has become a major challenge restricting the sustainable development of human society.As the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide(CO₂),methane(CH₄)has a Global Warming Potential(GWP)approximately 28 times that of CO ₂ over a 100-year time horizon and exceeds 80 times over a 20-year time horizon.Ruminants such as cattle and sheep produce massive CH ₄ via ruminal fermentation,contributing around 30%of global anthropogenic CH ₄ emissions,making them a key target for greenhouse gas mitigation in the livestock industry.China has the world's largest stock of cattle and sheep.Ruminant breeding plays a vital role in guaranteeing animal protein supply and advancing the rural revitalization strategy,while confronting dual pressures of greenhouse gas emission reduction and green low-carbon development.In recent years,with the in-depth implementation of the Dual Carbon Goal,ruminant CH₄mitigation has gradually become a research hotspot in animal nutrition,microbiology,environmental science and related disciplines.This paper systematically reviews the background of global greenhouse gas emissions,the status of CH₄ emissions from dairy cows and mutton sheep in China,CH₄ generation mechanisms and measurement evaluation systems,nutritional regulation and feed additive-based mitigation technologies,as well as future research directions.It emphatically analyzes research advances in rumen microbial regulatory networks,competitive mechanisms of hydrogen metabolic pathways,and applications of novel CH ₄ inhibitors,aiming to provide the oretical basis and technical references for constructing a green and low-carbon breeding system for ruminants in China.