3D生物打印仿生骨膜:从结构替代到功能整合OA

The periosteum,as the central regulatory barrier for bone regeneration,directs bone repair by supplying osteogenic progenitor cells and diverse bioactive factors;its functional loss is a key reason for the failure of bone defect repair.Conventional periosteal reconstruction methods are markedly limited in clinical practice because they cannot precisely recapitulate the periosteum's refined hierarchical architecture and multifaceted biological functions.Leveraging its unique strengths in patient-specific high-fidelity shaping,tightly controlled multiscale microarchitectures,and spatiotemporally ordered delivery of bioactive components,3D printing offers a transformative solution for constructing biomimetic periosteum.Both mainstream clinical bone repair therapies and traditional periosteum fabrication techniques have inherent drawbacks and fail to address the clinical challenge of large bone defect repair effectively.With the advancement of precision regenerative medicine,the developmental philosophy of biomimetic periosteum has shifted from simple structural substitution based on simple defect filling to a new stage of functional integration,characterized by multidimensional physiological simulation and dynamic modulation of the repair microenvironment.This review systematically outlines the periosteum's core biological functions and clinical needs,focuses on key construction strategies and multi-technology integration pathways for 3D-printed biomimetic periosteum,provides an in-depth analysis of current technical bottlenecks,and envisions an artificial intelligence-driven shift of periosteal reconstruction toward a paradigm of personalized,precision repair.The goal is to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the clinical translation of therapies for large bone defects and the development of precision medicine.