《新型能源体系建设"十五五"规划》深度解读OA

[Objective]The 15th Five-Year Plan for New Energy System Construction,issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration,sets the goal of preliminarily establishing a clean,low-carbon,safe,and efficient new energy system by 2030,with key indicators including raising the share of non-fossil energy consumption to 25%,increasing the share of non-fossil electricity generation to 50%,and reducing carbon emissions per unit of electricity generation by over 10%.To gain an in-depth understanding of the plan's top-level design for the transformation of the power and energy industry,this paper presents an interview with Su Lixin,Chairman of Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute,focusing on the repositioning of coal-fired power,new energy storage,hydrogen and green fuels,and new power systems.[Methods]Based on the plan text and the current state of technological development in the power and energy industry,and following the overarching principle of"safety as the foundation,transition as the priority",this paper systematically examines the technical pathways for coal-fired power transitioning from a primary electricity supplier to a supporting and regulating power source.It analyzes the engineering progress and application prospects of key technology directions including molten-salt energy storage,supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation,co-firing of hydrogen,ammonia,and methanol,and carbon capture,utilization,and storage.[Results]The plan specifies that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,new coal-fired power capacity additions will be strictly controlled,while existing units will be retrofitted through wide-load flexible operation(stable combustion at 20%rated load),life extension assessment,co-firing of zero-carbon and low-carbon fuels(40%ammonia co-firing ratio achieved on a 4 MW combustion test rig),and carbon capture and utilization(150 000 tons/year demonstration project),thereby continuing to serve as the bottom-line guarantee for power grid security.Molten-salt energy storage can achieve heat storage for more than 10 hours.The efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation is 3～5 percentage points higher than that of conventional steam cycles,and the 50 MW coal-fired supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit has been selected as a national first-set major technical equipment.The bottleneck for scaling up green hydrogen lies in the electricity price,which needs to be reduced to below 0.2 yuan/(kW·h).The plan proposes pathways including direct green-power-to-hydrogen,hydrogen pipeline networks,and international certification systems to address this challenge.[Conclusion]During the 15th Five-Year Plan period,a new energy ecosystem will take shape in which non-fossil energy and coal-fired power co-evolve in a complementary manner,with coal-fired power continuing to safeguard grid security in a cleaner and more flexible way.Scientific and technological innovation should bridge the entire chain from R&D,validation,demonstration,to deployment,and promote the multi-energy coupling of electricity,carbon,hydrogen,ammonia,and methanol,so as to provide systematic support for deep decarbonization of the energy system.