"自然山水型"岭南园林的空间生成机制研究OACHSSCD

Yanshan Garden is the only surviving late-Qing private garden in Guilin and features a distinctive"genuine mountains and waters"landscape structured around natural karst stone hills.Nevertheless,its significance has long been overshadowed by garden-history narratives dominated by artificial hill-building and water-layout design.Previously reported studies on Yanshan Garden have predominantly addressed its historical evolution and individual landscape components,whereas its holistic spatial organization and structural characteristics have received considerably less attention.Moreover,its design logic has not yet been thoroughly explored from the perspective of spatial generation mechanisms.In particular,a systematic understanding of how the twin-mountain system contributes to the formation of the garden's spatial structure is still lacking.To effectively deal with the above-mentioned issues,in this work,documentary textual research,field investigation,and cross-verification of images were combined.As a result,the spatial layout of Yanshan Garden during the prosperity of the garden under the operation of Tangyue was reproduced using the D3 laser scanning surveying and mapping of Taoyuan Cave in the garden,centering on the twin-mountain system.A systematic field survey of the topographic relationship between Ruzhong Hill and Fangzhu Hill,the water-system trend,and the distribution of building relics was also carried out.Based on the orientations and spatial relationships of buildings depicted in The Drawing of Yanshan Garden and combined with descriptions of tour routes and scene records of Yanshan Garden in Jiyou Xiancao(Leisure Notes of Travels),a restoration map of the spatial layout was drawn with reference to the existing landform and relic traces,through cross-verification between images and documents.This map provided the fundamental framework for subsequent spatial analysis. From our results,it was demonstrated that Tang Yue drove the spatial generation layer by layer according to the differences and relationships of the natural conditions,rather than imposing an artificial spatial order upon the landscape.In the beginning,a complete landscape skeleton was formed according to the features and relationships of mountains and waters in the garden.This served as the basis for flow organization and functional zoning.Based on the skeleton,different landscape groups were built around main nodes and axes based on the natural landscape.Combined with landscape boundaries and artificial partitions,the spatial pattern with separate inner and outer zones was naturally formed.Within this pattern,buildings were embedded into key positions of mountains and water surfaces,forming a dispersed arrangement according to mountains and waters.In this way,the natural landscape views were transformed into an inhabitable and tour-worthy place.Buildings were connected by open corridors and scattered buildings merged into landscape clusters,becoming an organic extension of nature.The three-layer spatial-generation mechanisms form a progressive sequence in which the degree of human intervention gradually increases from one layer to the next.However,the driving force for the formation of each layer originates inherently from natural conditions.Human intervention consists of identification,adaptation and precise response rather than site reshaping based on a priori spatial conception.This mechanism elucidates the distinctive design logic of natural-landscape gardens of"dispensing with excessive artificial craftsmanship":human intervention only needs to"accord with heaven"instead of"simulating nature to achieve an illusory realism".The spatial-generation mechanism of natural-landscape gardens starts with identifying and responding to the previous mountain-water relationships in the site.The transformation of the natural setting into a habitable and engaging garden space was achieved through three interrelated strategies:adaptation to the existing landscape framework,adjustment and release of natural space potential,and precise embedding of key positions. The above findings not only contribute to addressing the research gaps concerning"natural landscape gardens"within Lingnan gardens,but also constitute an indispensable link for understanding the genealogy of Guilin's historic"landscape-city"scenery.They provide valuable guidance for integrating contemporary landscape architecture with the distinctive characteristics of natural karst landscapes.Since the spatial structure is formed from mountain conditions rather than artificial structures,the heritage conservation of Yanshan Garden shall focus on the maintenance of the natural landscape skeleton.Future interventions should reinforce the underlying spatial-generation mechanism while avoiding alterations that obstruct sightlines,disrupt sight views or weaken the spatial role of mountains in structuring the overall spatial organization.