城市公园视听热环境的多感官感知响应研究OACHSSCD

Improving the environmental quality of urban parks has become an important component of the renewal of existing public space.Multisensory evaluation helps to move beyond single-dimensional assessment and provides a more realistic understanding of residents' recreational experience.Existing studies have mainly focused on visual,auditory,or microclimatic sensory dimensions individually,paying insufficient attention to overall perception under the combined effects of visual,auditory,and microclimatic dimensions.Moreover,previous work has relied greatly on subjective evaluations or simple correlation analyses,whereas the integrated modeling of the relationships between objective environmental indicators and subjective perception remains limited.To address this gap,a field survey of children's activity areas,recreational plazas,ornamental woodlands,and fitness trails in Mingzhu Park,Suoyuwan Park,and Zhoubei Park in Ganjingzi District,Dalian,China was carried out in spring,summer,autumn,and winter.A total of 454 valid questionnaires were collected,covering 48 combinations of park,space type,and season.Visual,auditory,and microclimatic environmental data were collected simultaneously,and multidimensional objective indicators were extracted through semantic segmentation,depth estimation,color and texture analysis,sound-source identification,equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level(LAeq)calculation,and microclimatic measurement.After indicator screening,models of the relationship between objective environmental indicators and subjective perceptual responses were constructed.A generalized additive mixed model(GAMM)was developed using the mgcv package in R,with the combination of park,space,and season used as a random intercept to process the hierarchical data structure brought by multiple respondents within the same combination.The model was applied to identify key environmental factors influencing different perceptual dimensions and their potential cross-modal relationships.On this basis,candidate three-way interactions were then screened in an exploratory manner and adjusted using multiple-comparison correction,complemented by leave-one-group-out cross-validation and comparisons across perceptual dimensions.The results showed that at the level of overall perception,LAeq had a significant negative effect,and it was identified as a key influencing factor.For visual perception,sky view factor,green view index,and color variation showed relatively prominent effects.For auditory perception,natural sound had a significant effect.Temperature took the dominant role in thermal comfort,while the green view index,distant-view proportion,and color variation exerted cross-modal effects,suggesting that visual environmental factors may influence thermal perception through both physical regulation and psychological pathways.The three-way interaction among color variation,sound pressure level,and wind speed was identified during exploratory screening,but it did not remain significant after multiple-comparison correction.No gain in out-of-sample predictive performance was observed in the cross-validation;therefore,it was regarded only as an exploratory finding requiring further experimental validation.Furthermore,the key visual indicators showed clear differentiation across space types and seasons.On this basis,empirical reference ranges of spaces with higher visual-perception scores were extracted within the sample,providing indicator-based references for differentiated renewal.The findings demonstrate that the perceptual experience of urban parks is not determined by any single environmental dimension alone,and that visual,auditory,and thermal factors may exhibit cross-modal relationships.The visual-auditory-thermal multisensory perceptual evaluation framework and the empirical reference ranges established in this study can provide references for environmental quality assessment,differentiated renewal for different space types,and multisensory environmental optimization of urban parks.