工程景观学视角下粤汉铁路株韶段五大拱桥群的遗产特征与活化路径OACHSSCD

Based on the composite perspectives of railway engineering history,engineering landscape studies,and industrial heritage conservation theory,this study investigated the five-arch bridge group over the Baisha River on the Zhuzhou-Shaoguan section of the Canton-Hankow railway,which was completed in 1936.To address fragmented conservation management,the absence of adaptive reuse,and insufficient research on the coupling between the engineering structures and the mountain landscape,the core values and preservation predicaments of the bridge group were clarified.Moreover,some general preservation and adaptive reuse paths suitable for cross-provincial(Hunan-Guangdong)mountain arch bridges were developed with reference to international experience. In this study,research review,field investigation,spatial analysis of the engineering landscape,and comparison with international cases were employed.The decision-making context of"replacing steel structures with arch structures"in the 1930s was reproduced through research review.The economic constraints and national engineering logic for the localized use of arch bridges were analyzed and compared with steel truss bridges of the same period.In August 2025,a field survey and aerial photographic documentation were carried out to assess the heritage status of the bridge group from the perspectives of physical integrity,functional differentiation,and cross-provincial governance.The symbiotic relations of the bridge group with the Nanling gorge and Baisha River system were analyzed from the four dimensions of entity construction,spatial layout,visual landscape,and ecological foundation.With references to the Semmering Railway,the Monsal Trail,and the Forth Bridge,the location and institutional differences between China and foreign countries were disclosed. The five arch bridge group exhibits threefold heritage significance.With respect to engineering technology,it was the first group of large-span concrete arch bridges composed of main-line railways,and it pioneered a construction system characteristic of"replacing steel with arch structures,use of local materials,and flow circulation in arch structures".It also improved the segmented prefabricated hoop reinforcement technique for the arch rings and realized a critical transition from relying on steel girder import to local concrete construction.It offered a technical paradigm for mountain railways,such as the Chengdu-Kunming railway and Sichuan Guizhou railway.In terms of historical culture,the bridge group was designed and built autonomously under the direction of Ling Hongxun,who left calligraphy on the structure.It embodies the nationalist spirit of breaking foreign capital constraints and pursuing industrial self strengthening.The Xinyanxia Bridge records the layering information of the original concrete arch and the rebuilt steel truss after damages.From the perspective of the engineering landscape,the five arch bridges,with their unified form and adjustable span to local topography,are connected by a 6 km-long valley,thus forming a multi-layer viewing sequence.The artificial structures are deeply integrated with valleys and water systems. However,the bridge group faces significant preservation challenges.There are fragmented management standards due to the administrative division between Hunan and Guangdong.Only three bridges in Hunan are included in the list of municipal level heritage sites.Four decommissioned arch bridges have been left unused.The historical authenticity of Yantang Bridge and Fengchuikou Bridge was damaged due to road reconstruction.Duiweichong Bridge has been seriously weathered due to long term neglect,accompanied by low public awareness,as well as the absence of a unified exhibition corridor and cultural tourism framework. Based on the above analysis,a strategy of"integrated conservation,zoned presentation,differentiated use,and cross-provincial coordination"was proposed.Spatially,it suggests establishing a graded slow traffic route and multi scale viewing system and constructing a linear heritage corridor along the valley.Functionally,key attention shall be paid to science popularization of low traffic on the decommissioned bridges,and the monitoring and lightweight display of the in-service Xinyanxia Bridge shall be perfected.Culturally,it advocates a deep exploration of construction archives to forge a distinctive industrial heritage identity.Institutionally,a joint Hunan-Guangdong management mechanism shall be established.It advocates use-based conservation promotion and the integration of scattered relics into a cross-provincial industrial-cultural-tourism corridor across Nanling Ridge,with consideration given to heritage preservation,ecological restoration,and rural development.The research conclusions can provide references for the protection and adaptive reuse of cross-regional grouped railway arch bridges in China.