AI时代高等教育数字教材系统性建设模型探析OACHSSCD

Against the dual backdrop of the strategic advancement of educational digitalization and the rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence(GenAI),digital textbooks in higher education are entering a critical phase of intelligent,high-quality,and systematic development.The policy on accelerating education digitalization provides a broader context for the development of digital textbooks for smart teaching and learning.This paper,grounded in the emerging demands of higher education and informed by national policies such as the"AI Plus Education"action plan,survey data from the 2025 report on digital textbook development in Chinese higher education,and mature international practices,systematically reviews the current landscape and scholarly literature on digital textbooks in China.A survey of 63 publishing houses,37 platform operators and over 640 authors,teachers and students records 6,081 cumulative titles and over 70％of platforms integrating large AI models,yet reveals five interlocking dilemmas:56.44％of creators report insufficient innovation;91.89％of platforms remain closed and self-operated;68.25％follow a rigid three-to-six-month development cycle without prior research into learning needs;82.54％of publishers earn under five million yuan annually;and 73.02％lack interdisciplinary product managers.The paper synthesizes approaches to textbook development from leading international publishers and identifies key implications for localized adaptation.Benchmarking the"AI First"strategies of Pearson,Cengage and McGraw-Hill,it compares Chinese and Western practices across institutional,technological,market and user dimensions,showing that international experience offers directional reference rather than transplantable models.In response to the prevalent lack of systemic integration frameworks in existing research and practice,this paper proposes a"1+8"systemic development model for higher education digital textbooks.The model is anchored by a"research-first"philosophy as its core guiding principle,with eight dimensions organized across three interconnected tiers:the foundational capability tier(technology,data,and talent),the core business tier(content,process,and service),and the ecosystem support tier(business and ecosystem).These three tiers form an organic whole,with technology providing the infrastructure,data serving as the essential production asset,and talent constituting the intellectual driver.Together,they address the question of"what to build with."The core business tier tackles"how to build"through an integrated production-to-service value chain,while the ecosystem tier addresses"how to sustain"development through viable revenue models and multi-stakeholder collaboration.The model's theoretical foundations draw upon knowledge graph theory,total lifecycle management,and collaborative governance theory,to connect the model's analytical framework with practical application.By bridging theoretical depth with operational value,the"1+8"model aims to provide a comprehensive reference framework for educational publishers navigating the intelligent transformation,addressing critical challenges such as content homogenization,technological fragmentation,process obsolescence,market underdevelopment,and talent shortages.Discussed in relation to practices at Tsinghua University Press,the model has limits to its applicability:built mainly for higher education,it requires differentiated tailoring by institutional scale and discipline,and awaits broader empirical verification.Ultimately,this framework seeks to advance the transition of digital textbooks from static resources to intelligent,adaptive hubs for smart teaching and learning in higher education.