博士后学术职业发展的全球图景与本土样态OACHSSCD

The postdoctoral period represents a critical transitional stage in an individua'l s academic career,where structural tensions between career security and scholarly development are increasingly evident.Using data from the 2023 Nature global postdoc survey,this study draws on career anchor theory and social cognitive career theory to construct a two-dimensional"maintenance-development"career anchor framework and systematically examines types of postdoctoral career anchors and their effects on academic career development.The findings reveal that postdoctoral researchers worldwide generally face a structural tension characterized by high developmental expectations but low perceived career security.Based on the two dimensions of maintenance and development,postdoctoral career anchors across representative countries can be classified into four types:navigators(high maintenance-high development),climbers(low maintenance-high development),drifters(low maintenance-low development),and settlers(high maintenance-low development).The distribution of postdoctoral career anchor types across different countries exhibits diverse compositional patterns,reflecting the diversity of national postdoctoral institutional environments and development stages.Empirical results further indicate that the high maintenance-high development career anchor exerts a significant positive effect on postdoctoral academic career development.In contrast,the low maintenance-high development career anchor has limited influence on the academic career development of Chinese postdoctoral researchers,showing only a marginal positive effect on the dimension of academic recognition.The academic career development of postdoctoral researchers in China should be promoted through reshaping academic identity at the institutional level,constructing a multi-dimensional support system at the organizational level,and reinforcing resilience strategies at the individual level.