新质生产力形成的微观机制与空间演化OACHSSCD

New quality productive forces(NQPFs)spur high-quality economic development,characterized by the synergistic evolution of factor upgrading,technical innovation,spatial restructuring,and new production forms.Their formation rests on technical progress and dynamic feedback from spatial externalities,such as knowledge spillovers,resource sharing,and factor matching.However,existing research still lacks a systematic explanation of how each externality shapes regional efficiency and spatial configurations through firm behavior. Moving beyond the neoclassical general equilibrium framework,this paper adopts a dynamic disequilibrium perspective and integrates spatial economics with complex systems theory to develop a two-region,multi-agent computational-experimental model incorporating a genetic algorithm.The model simulates learning through binary genetic encoding and the crossover,absorption,and updating of knowledge loci;characterizes sharing through the decline in fixed costs induced by an increase in the number of firms;and captures matching through the local alignment of firms,labor,technology,and services.Separate switches set different scenarios and identify the net and joint effects of the three types of externalities in varied combinations. The findings are as follows.First,learning externalities renew firm knowledge through spillovers and recombination,lifting the efficiency frontier.Firms entering core regions catch up by recombining knowledge,shifting regional efficiency growth from spatial change to knowledge-led growth and driving a dynamic leap in NQPFs.Second,sharing externalities cut fixed costs and reinforce firm agglomeration.Rather than directly creating knowledge,they provide a low-cost spatial base for learning and innovation.Third,matching externalities quickly raise regional efficiency by improving the use of labor,technology,and services.Fourth,when all types of externalities work together,knowledge renewal,lower costs,and better allocation reinforce one another.Regional efficiency growth becomes an endogenous process driven by knowledge accumulation,technical upgrading,and spatial agglomeration.Fifth,learning and sharing raise efficiency in peripheral regions through internal knowledge exchange and cost sharing.Multiple externalities can extend growth gains from core to peripheral regions,but strong agglomeration effects may still widen regional gaps. Based on these conclusions,this paper proposes the following recommendations.Policy tools should shift from single measures to differentiated packages.Core regions should build dynamic knowledge innovation zones and common technology platforms to deepen links between technical and industrial innovation.Peripheral regions should build local learning and sharing networks around their own strengths and strengthen ties with core nodes.Cross-region platforms should support orderly flows of knowledge,data,and talent,providing better services to improve factor matching.This paper maps the micro-level pathway through which externalities shape the spatial formation of NQPFs and gives measurable support and policy guidance for place-based growth and a better regional economic layout.