代际流动的沙漏效应:外出务工对子女成年后职业发展的影响研究OACHSSCD

Facilitating social mobility is a cornerstone of achieving common prosperity,yet the in-tergenerational mobility consequences of large-scale migration have received insufficient attention.Using data from the 2018 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS),this study systematically examines the effects of parental labor migration among rural workers on their children's intergenerational mobility in adulthood across three dimensions:intergenerational occupational class,job stability,and unemployment risk.The results show that children whose parents migrate for work have a significantly lower probability of upward intergenerational occupational mobility in adulthood,as reflected in lower social class,poorer job stability,and higher unemployment risk.This constitutes an"hourglass effect"in which upward inter-generational mobility is constrained.Mechanism analysis indicates that parental labor migration generates a persistent accumulation of disadvantage over the life course by damaging children's physical and men-tal health,reducing their access to quality educational opportunities,lowering household economic status,increasing family burdens,and narrowing social networks,thereby indirectly impeding their upward inter-generational occupational mobility.This study reveals the long-term intergenerational costs of large-scale migration since China's reform and opening-up,providing new theoretical explanations and empirical evi-dence for promoting social mobility and mitigating the risk of class entrenchment in the pursuit of com-mon prosperity.