中国城乡居民收入比:变化趋势、主要挑战和应对思路OACHSSCD

Chinese government has set the gradual narrowing of the urban-rural income ratio as a key goal for accelerating agricultural and rural modernization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period(2026-2030).A review of China's development trajectory over more than four decades of reform and opening-up shows that the urban-rural income ratio has experienced three phases of narrowing.In the nar-rowing process since 2007,the shrinkage in the ratios of wage income and net transfer income between urban and rural residents contributed positively to narrowing the overall urban-rural income ratio,while the widening of the ratios of net operating income and net property income has exerted a negative effect.The income convergence between urban and rural residents and between non-agricultural and agricultural households in certain developed countries offers useful insights into how China can gradually narrow its urban-rural income ratio in the future.Looking ahead,China needs to address a number of challenges,in-cluding the relatively high degree of rural population aging and the relatively low educational attainment of the rural working-age population,the weakening capacity of agricultural development to support the growth of rural residents'net operating income,the limited contribution of integrated urban-rural devel-opment to the growth of rural residents'wage income,the lagging reforms in rural land institutions and other areas that constrain the growth of rural residents'net property income,and the insufficient benefits accruing to rural residents from the redistribution of national income.Therefore,strong and targeted policy measures are urgently needed to address these issues.