小檗碱对糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠视网膜巨噬细胞糖酵解及M2型极化的影响OA

Aim:To observe the effects of berberine on macrophage glycolysis and M2 polarization in the retina of rats with diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(15 rats)and DR group(60 rats).After successful establishment of the DR model,rats were randomly divided into model group,berberine low-and high-dose groups,and calcium dobesilate group,with 15 rats in each group.The berberine low-and high-dose groups were administered berberine by gavage at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg,respectively.The calcium dobesilate group was administered 135 mg/kg calcium dobesilate by gavage.The control group and the model group were given normal saline by gavage.All treatments were administered once daily for 4 consecutive weeks.Retinal neovascularization rate was assessed by Evans blue staining.Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superox-ide dismutase(SOD),as well as TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β levels in retinal tissue,were measured by ELISA.Retinal his-topathological changes were observed by HE staining.The apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL staining.The mRNA ex-pression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1 α),glucose transporter 1(GLUT1),and hexokinase 2(HK2)in retinal macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression levels of arginase-1(Arg1)and mannose receptor(CD206)in macrophages were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with control group,model group exhibited elevated serum VEGF and MDA levels,reduced SOD level,marked retinal damage,higher neovascularization rate,increased TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β levels,and apoptosis rate,as well as up-regulated HIF-1α,GLUT1,and HK2 mRNA levels,and down-regulated Arg1 and CD206 protein levels in retinal macrophages(P＜0.05).Berberine(both doses)and calcium dobesilate reversed these changes,with the berberine high-dose group showing the better effects than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Berberine may mitigate inflammation and vascular injury in DR by inhibiting macrophage glycolysis and promoting their po-larization towards the M2 phenotype.