靶向抑制小胶质细胞NLRP3炎症小体:缺血性脑卒中神经保护机制的研究进展OA

Stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disease that seri-ously endangers human health.Pathologically,it is clinically divided into two major subtypes:ischemic stroke(IS)and hem-orrhagic stroke.Ischemic stroke accounts for 60%-70%of all stroke cases,which is characterized by high morbidity,high re-currence rate,high disability rate and high mortality.After the onset of IS,cerebral ischemia and hypoxia trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses,activate immune cells such as microg-lia,and induce the massive release of pro-inflammatory cyto-kines.This further initiates pathological cascades including blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal pyroptosis,ulti-mately exacerbating brain tissue damage.As the resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system,microglia play a pivotal role in the pathological progression of IS through the dy-namic regulation of their polarization phenotypes,namely the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain asso-ciated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome acts as a core molecu-lar platform regulating inflammatory responses.Its activation in-duces the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cyto-kines(e.g.,IL-1β and IL-18),and is directly involved in neu-ronal damage and neuroinflammation amplification by mediating cellular pyroptosis,making it a crucial regulatory target in the pathogenesis of IS.This article systematically reviews the mo-lecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of microglial po-larization,as well as the priming and activation pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome.It mainly elaborates on the intervention strategies and neuroprotective effects of targeted inhibition of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome in IS.The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for further clarifying the immuno-inflammatory mechanisms of IS,and to offer novel therapeutic insights and potential targets for the development of precise intervention strategies targeting microglial polarization and the NLRP3 inflammasomes.