中国地方黄牛种质资源状况与产业发展现状及建议OA

As an important component of China's livestock and poultry genetic resources,Chinese indigenous yellow cattle germplasm resources boast abundant genetic diversity,remarkable economic value and unique cultural value.This paper systematically reviews the research progress and industrial development status of Chinese indigenous yellow cattle germplasm resources.In the basic research domain,this paper covers genetic diversity assessment based on mitochondrial DNA,SNP chips,whole-genome resequencing and other technologies.On this basis,it focuses on analyzing the genetic mechanisms of economic traits including growth and development,meat performance,reproductive performance and adaptability.Furthermore,it integrates phenotypic observation and molecular marker data to construct a comprehensive resource evaluation framework.Regarding breeding technologies,this paper discusses the integration feasibility of conventional breeding methods and cutting-edge technologies such as molecular marker-assisted selection,genomic selection and gene editing.In the field of conservation,development and utilization of germplasm resources,this review elaborates on the multi-level conservation system,covering in vivo conservation(conservation farms,conservation areas and core herds),cryopreservation(semen,embryos and somatic cells)and molecular-level preservation(genomic libraries and specific genetic resources).Meanwhile,it summarizes a diversified utilization with meat-oriented development as the core,complemented by dairy utilization,dual-purpose utilization of meat and milk,and cultural value exploration.Typical cases include the whole industrial chain operation of Qinchuan cattle,the high-end market strategy of Yanbian Yellow Cattle,and the characteristic product development of Wenling Gaofeng cattle.It is worth noting that the current field still faces several bottlenecks,including insufficient depth of basic research,relatively lagging update of breeding technologies,poor connection between conservation actions and industrial demands,low overall large-scale development level of the industry,and limited industrial chain extension,among other issues.Looking forward,we should continue to strengthen fundamental exploration and identification of key functional genes,accelerate the application and transformation of modern breeding technologies,establish a long-term synergistic mechanism for conservation,breeding and utilization,promote industrial quality improvement,efficiency enhancement and brand value promotion,and deepen international cooperation,so as to lay a solid foundation for the long-term and efficient utilization of Chinese indigenous yellow cattle resources.