我国牛种质资源现状及其保护与利用模式OA

The effective conservation and rational utilization of bovine germplasm resources constitute a strategic cornerstone for ensuring the sustainable development of animal husbandry and safeguarding national food security in China.In recent years,large-scale introduction of specialized exotic breeds and their extensive crossbreeding with indigenous populations have improved production performance to a certain extent,yet have simultaneously resulted in reduced population sizes and loss of genetic diversity among local breeds,thereby constraining the efficient preservation and utilization of advantageous traits.Therefore,based on the 148 bovine breeds currently existing in China,the compositional status,conservation technology framework,and innovative utilization models of bovine germplasm resources are systematically reviewed,and the strengths and deficiencies of the current conservation technology system are analyzed.At present,in terms of conservation infrastructure,a collaborative in situ and ex situ network comprising national-level conservation farms,protected areas,and gene banks has been established,and in vitro preservation techniques including somatic cell banking and DNA genomic libraries have been employed,thereby enabling long-term backup of genetic materials and germplasm reconstitution.At the utilization level,purebred breeding and pedigree rejuvenation have continuously consolidated the desirable traits of indigenous breeds,and industrial development and brand building based on characteristic breeds have been carried out,effectively transforming resource advantages into economic benefits.However,current conservation and utilization efforts face technical bottlenecks including the unresolved mechanisms of cryopreservation injury,viability decline of genetic materials during long-term storage,imminent extinction risks of indigenous breeds due to population shrinkage,as well as insufficient funding and shortage of specialized personnel.To address these issues,an integrated closed-loop pathway encompassing conservation,research,and utilization is proposed,which involves developing novel cryoprotectants and desiccation preservation techniques,establishing intelligent management systems based on the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence,improving policy frameworks and long-term financial support mechanisms,and deepening industry-academia-research collaborative innovation,with the aim of providing a reference for the scientific management of bovine germplasm resources and the revitalization of the seed industry in China.