我国肉牛杂种优势利用研究进展与展望OA

Efficient exploration and utilization of heterosis as a core breeding technique to break through the productivity bottleneck of beef cattle and drive the high-quality transformation and upgrading of China's beef cattle industry,possessing important application value for the development of modern beef cattle seed industry.However,the genetic basis of heterosis is extremely complex,and its underlying formation mechanism has not been fully elucidated,resulting in prominent limitations in its practical application for beef cattle breeding.Centering on the research framework of"mechanism analysis-prediction method-breeding application",this article systematically elaborates the concept and breeding value of heterosis in beef cattle production,and summarizes the molecular formation mechanisms of heterosis from the perspectives of classical genetics and epigenetics.In terms of heterosis prediction,this study reviews two conventional breeding methods,namely combining ability test and genetic distance analysis,and further discusses the current application limitations and potential optimization strategies of the above methods.The development process of beef cattle breeding in China was reviewed.During the transition from traditional service functions to specialized meat production,the domestic breeding system has been initially established and production performance has also been improved to a certain extent.This article summarizes five independently cultivated beef cattle varieties in China and takes Qinchuan cattle in Shaanxi Province as a typical case to clarify the supporting role of local breeding policies in heterosis utilization.Future breeding breakthroughs will mainly focus on two core technical paths:the integrated application of multi-omics analysis and genomic selection,and the precise crossbreeding design based on indigenous cattle germplasm resources.