OPU-IVP技术在宁夏肉牛良种快速扩繁中的应用进展与展望OA

As China's beef cattle genetic improvement work shifts from systematic infrastructure development to quality enhancement and efficiency breakthrough,the new National Beef Cattle Genetic Improvement Plan(2021-2035)has set higher requirements for core breeding population size,supply capacity of high-quality germplasm,and breeding efficiency.However,due to the constraints of the reproductive biological characteristics of cows,traditional methods such as artificial insemination,in vivo embryo production,and even natural mating are difficult to achieve rapid accumulation and efficient dissemination of high-quality genetic resources in a short period.At the present stage,the development and promotion of rapid breeding technologies for high-quality breeds is particularly important.Ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production(OPU-IVP)technology can significantly improve the oocyte utilization efficiency of elite cows,serving as a key technical support to break the"maternal propagation bottleneck"in beef cattle genetic improvement.In recent years,some local governments,university research institutions,and innovative enterprises in China have carried out practical applications of this technology in multiple regions,yet systematic summaries concerning regional models,application outcomes,and implementation bottlenecks remain limited.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the process of genetic improvement of beef cattle in China under the new circumstances,this paper systematically reviews the application progress of OPU-IVP technology in the rapid propagation of elite beef cattle in Ningxia.By comparing typical domestic practice cases,including enterprise-led,university-enterprise collaborative,and industry-university-research platform models,we further summarize a regionally adaptable"Ningxia Model".Compared with the domestic enterprise-led,university-enterprise collaborative,and industry-university-research platform models,the Ningxia model has relative advantages in technology implementation efficiency,resource integration,and regional adaptability.Current challenges in technology extension include insufficient technical standardization,cost control pressures,and poor integration with the industrial system.In the future,efforts should focus on optimizing culture systems,promoting domestic substitution of consumables,building regional service platforms,and improving benefit-sharing and risk-sharing mechanisms,so as to advance OPU-IVP technology from"sporadic breakthroughs"to"full-scale rollout".