多肽及蛋白类抗肿瘤药物的作用机制与研究进展OA

In recent years,peptide and protein-based drugs have attracted more attention in the field of oncology due to their strong targeting ability,low toxicity,and high biological activity.This review elaborates on the core antitumor mechanisms of peptide and protein-based drugs,involving targeted blockade of tumor cell proliferative signaling pathways,induction of apoptosis,inhibition of angiogenesis,modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment,and targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads.Based on this mechanistic framework,we provide a structured categorical overview of the advances in related research and applications across four representative classes:antibody-based drugs,peptide-based drugs,immunomodulatory cytokines,and therapeutic cancer vaccines.Antibody-based therapeutics have evolved from monoclonal antibodies to bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates,with their mechanisms of action extending from single-pathway signal blockade to targeted payload delivery.Peptide-based therapeutics have likewise diversified from monofunctional peptides into peptide-drug conjugates and peptide-radionuclide conjugates.Immunomodulatory cytokines,upon PEGylation and receptor-selective engineering,can enhance antitumor immune activity while mitigating systemic toxicity.Therapeutic cancer vaccines,enabled by individualized neoantigen screening and refined delivery systems,are increasingly overcoming key limitations of conventional vaccines such as poor immunoge-nicity.Despite these notable research advances,peptide and protein-based antitumor agents are still faced with challenges from druggability.Peptide-based drugs suffer from short in vivo half-lives and high susceptibility to proteolytic degradation,whereas antibody-based therapeutics carry inherent risks of off-target effects and immunogenicity.These limitations can be addressed via strategies including PEGylation,nanocarrier-mediated delivery,and rational molecular engineering.However,with refined combination therapeutic regimens and the establishment of personalized treatment systems,these agents promise to be of substantial clinical value in precision cancer therapy.