miRNA介导肺癌细胞与NK细胞双向通讯的研究进展OA

Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates among all malignant tumors.Immune evasion,mediated by the tumor microenvironment(TME),is a central mechanism driving the malignant progression of lung cancer.Natural killer(NK)cells,core effectors of innate antitumor immunity,undergo functional exhaustion,which is a key factor driving malignant progression in this cancer.MicroRNA(miRNA),crucial post-transcriptional regulators,can shuttle between lung cancer cells and NK cells via extracellular vesicles(EVs),reshaping the TME.This article re-views how miRNAs regulate NK cell cytotoxicity and interferon-γ secretion,emphasizing the"dual"immune evasion strate-gy lung cancer cells use against NK cells:on the one hand,lung cancer cells"camouflage"themselves by remodeling their surface ligands through the aberrant expression of endogenous miRNA;on the other hand,they directly suppress NK cell functions by secreting EVs enriched with specific miRNAs,which they use to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages,T cells,and myeloid-derived suppressor cells within the TME,indirectly impairing NK cells via cytokines or miRNA-con-taining exosomes released by these cells.Meanwhile,activated NK cells can secrete miRNA-containing EVs that act on lung cancer cells and slow tumor progression.Understanding this miRNA-mediated bidirectional communication network will shed light on immune evasion mechanisms in lung cancer and serve as a foundation for cell-free immunotherapies using NK cell-derived EVs.