尘螨与花粉主要致敏哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者短期临床结局比较OA

Objective To compare short-term clinical outcomes between patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis predominantly sensitized to house dust mites and those predominantly sensitized to pollen after the addition of montelukast to stable background therapy.Methods A total of 84 patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from April 2024 to December 2025 were retrospectively included.According to the predominant allergen,patients were divided into a house dust mite group and a pollen group,with 42 patients in each group.All patients received montelukast in addition to stable background therapy for 8 weeks.The Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test(CARAT10)scores,pulmonary function,proportion of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference in CARAT10,treatment adherence,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results CARAT10 total,upper-airway,and lower-airway scores increased over time in both groups,while forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and FEV1/FVC increased from baseline;all time effects were statistically significant(P＜0.001).A significant group-by-time interaction was observed for the upper-airway score(P＜0.05),and at week 8 the upper-airway score was higher in the pollen group than in the house dust mite group(P＜0.05).No significant interaction effects were observed for the other CARAT10 scores or pulmonary function parameters(P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference in CARAT10,treatment adherence,or incidence of adverse reactions(P＞0.05).Conclusion During the 8-week observation period after montelukast was added to stable background therapy,overall and lower-airway outcomes changed similarly in the two groups.Patients predominantly sensitized to pollen showed a greater increase in upper-airway scores,although this finding may have been influenced by seasonal changes in allergen exposure.Because no concurrent control group without montelukast was included,it cannot be determined whether the observed changes during follow-up were attributable to montelukast.