温和热疗探针的材料化学设计、作用机制与疾病应用研究进展OA

Mild temperature hyperthermia(MTH),which controls the temperature of lesions within 39~45℃,enables disease intervention while preserving tissue viability,and thus offers superior safety and controllability compared with conventional high-temperature thermal ablation.The therapeutic efficacy of MTH is highly dependent on the energy conversion efficiency of probes under external stimuli and their precise regulation of biological effects at lesion sites.From the perspective of materials chemistry,this review summarizes the energy conversion mechanisms,structural design,and performance regulation strategies of mild photothermal,sonothermal,magnetic hyperthermia,and microwave thermal probes.Particular emphasis is placed on the critical roles of defect engineering,band structure modulation,and interfacial effects in optimizing the thermoconversion efficiency of these probes.In addition,the cascade mechanisms of MTH,including regulation of thermal stress responses,enhancement of membrane permeability,improvement of blood perfusion,and remodeling of the immune microenvironment,are outlined,together with recent advances in its applications in cancer,cardiovascular diseases,infections,tissue repair,and neurological/metabolic disorders.Finally,in light of the current status of clinical translation,the challenges and future perspectives of MTH are discussed,particularly in terms of probe biodistribution and metabolism,precise thermal field control,and the establishment of standardized evaluation systems.