生物炭去除微塑料的机制与应用进展OA

Microplastic accumulation across aquatic systems,soils,and sediments has shifted remediation goals from particle separation toward transport control,co-contaminant attenuation,and ecological-risk reduction.Biochar derived from biomass through pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization provides hierarchical pores,surface functional groups,aromatic domains,and mineral phases for particle retention and interfacial adhesion.Current evidence attributes capture to coupled sieving,straining,collision adhesion,electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions,π-π interactions,hydrogen bonding,and flocculation-sedimentation.Magnetization,metal-oxide loading,acid/alkali treatment,ball milling,and mineral or biopolymer compositing can improve capture and recovery,whereas component release,regeneration demand,end-of-life management,and life-cycle burdens require parallel evaluation.This review synthesizes material fundamentals,removal mechanisms,controlling factors,and applications in water,wastewater,and soil,and identifies priorities in realistic-matrix validation,quantitative mechanism analysis,continuous-flow scale-up,and safety assessment for engineering translation.