三江源国家公园唐北区及周边地区鸟兽多样性对海拔的响应OACHSSCD

The Tangbei Area of Sanjiangyuan National Park is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,characterized by typical highaltitude habitats.Understanding deeply how terrestrial wildlife distribution responds to elevation gradients can help optimize ecological conservation and resource management in this region.From May to December 2023,infrared camera monitoring was conducted to survey mammals and birds in the Tangbei area of Sanjiangyuan National Park and its surrounding regions,and the relationship between bird and mammal diversity and altitude(across an altitudinal range of 4500-5300m)was analyzed.The results showed that there were 51 kinds of birds and 17 kinds of mammals in the area,among which there were 8 species included in the Class I nationally protected species and 15 in Class II.The mammals which had the top five relative abundance of species were plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae),Tibetan fox(Vulpes ferrilata),woolly hare(Lepus oiostolus),kiang(Equus kiang)and Tibetan gazelle(Procapra picticaudata),while the kinds of birds which were the five most frequently recorded were white-rumped snow-finch(Onychostruthus taczanowskii),black redstart(Phoenicurus ochruros),Güldenstädt's redstart(Phoenicurus erythrogastrus),saker falcon(Falco cherrug)and rufous-necked snow-finch(Pyrgilauda ruficollis).The species richness showed no significant correlation with elevation(P=0.216>0.05,r=-0.99),and the species diversity index declined significantly with increasing altitude(P=0.014<0.05,r=-0.194),which primarily attributed to the significant negative correlation between mammalian species and altitude(P<0.01,r=-0.313).The main factors which affected the distribution of mammals was that both cold alpine habitat and the relative scarcity of food resources limited the living environment of mammals.The infrared photos capturing human activities accounted for 11.64％of the total effective photos,and human activity decreased significantly with increasing elevation(P=0.001<0.01,r=-0.347).The wildlife diversity(P=0.007<0.01)and the species richness(P=0.007<0.01)were significantly higher in lower altitude areas where human activity was more frequent.The reason is that human activities reduce the risk of herbivores being preyed upon by their natural predators,while carnivores tend to approach residential areas to hunt livestock,and as a result,the economic losses for herders constitute the primary human-animal conflict issue in the region.For future management of the national park,it is recommended to conduct regular monitoring of bird and mammal species and diversity dynamics,enhance regional ecological governance and community collaborative governance,improve compensation mechanisms,and develop targeted conservation strategies to maintain ecosystem authenticity and integrity of the Tangbei area of Sanjiangyuan National Park.