静电纺聚乳酸纤维结构调控与功能化应用进展OA

To promote the innovative development of green bio-based polylactic acid(PLA)functional materials,recent advances in electrospun PLA nanofibers were reviewed.First,the preparation methods of electrospun PLA were outlined,the spinning principles and technical characteristics were analyzed,including needleless electrospinning,coaxial electrospinning and conjugate electrospinning.Secondly,structural features of electrospun PLA were analyzed,emphasizing the mechanisms by which micro-scale structures—such as core-shell,Janus,porous and dendritic configurations—affect fiber performance.Finally,the functional applications of electrospun PLA were summarized,including air filtration and protection,oil-water separation,physiological monitoring,biomedical applications,and biodegradable food packaging.It was pointed out that electrospun PLA had evolved from traditional filter and packaging materials to advanced applications such as flexible wearable sensors and tissue engineering scaffolds,while also showing great potential in emerging fields like seawater desalination and extreme environment protection.At the same time,significant challenges were remained,including low spinning efficiency,difficulties in balancing functional modification with biodegradability,and an incomplete degradation evaluation system.Future research should be focused on optimizing high-efficiency spinning equipment,designing multifunctional fiber structure and establishing comprehensive life-cycle degradation assessment frameworks to simultaneously enhance material functionality and environmental sustainability.This will accelerate the transition of electrospun PLA nanofibers from laboratory research to industrialization,providing critical technological support for the green and sustainable development of the textile industry.