21世纪美国隐蔽行动的范式转型OACHSSCD

[Purpose]Breaking through the traditional research framework centered on the CIA and"plausible deniability"in the Cold War context,this article explains the new phenomena whereby U.S.covert action practices since the 21st century have exceeded the original explanatory boundaries.[Method]Taking the four traditional categories of covert action instruments as a reference framework and emplo-ying comparative analysis and empirical induction,this study examines the new characteristics and operational forms of covert action across the three dimensions of implementing actors,operational logic,and paramilitary functions.[Result/Conclusion]At the level of imple-menting actors,the multi-tiered outsourcing network centered on the National Endowment for Democracy has taken over the traditional functions of covert propaganda,political action,and economic action,allowing subversive operations to function in an overt manner.At the level of operational logic,the rise in informational transparency has sharply reduced the feasibility of"plausible deniability",prompt-ing the United States to instead invoke international normative discourse to construct legitimacy for its intervention actions.At the level of paramilitary functions,the normalization of targeted killing,the expansive interpretation of legal concepts,and the blurring of boundaries between military and intelligence agencies have jointly reshaped the contemporary form of paramilitary action.These three transformations have enabled the United States to sustain continuous intervention in target states at reduced political costs,constrain the defensive space a-vailable to those states,and exert profound influence on great-power strategic competition and the global security order.