昆虫-酵母互惠共生体系的功能多样性与演化适应性OA

The insect-yeast mutualistic symbiotic system is a typical representative of cross-kingdom mutualistic relationships,having evolved collaboratively over more than 400 million years to develop highly specialized structures and diverse functions.Although existing research has primarily focused on the phenomenological descriptions of specific species,there is a lack of systematic understanding regarding the functional diversity of symbiotic yeasts and their integrated mechanisms in key areas such as nutritional complementarity,detoxification metabolism,and information exchange.In this article,we reviewed the latest advances in the insect-yeast symbiotic system across different insect groups,including symbiotic types,transmission modes and its functional diversity in insect adaptation,and discussed future research directions.From an evolutionary perspective,the symbiotic relationship has displayed a gradient evolution from ectosymbiosis,through gut symbiosis,to endo symbiosis,reflecting an adaptive trajectory from loose ecological interactions to deep genomic integration.In terms of transmission mechanisms,vertical transmission ensures the stable inheritance of symbionts across host generations,while horizontal transmission facilitates gene exchange and ecological dispersal,with both mechanisms collaboratively maintaining the dynamic balance of the symbiotic system.Functionally,symbiotic yeasts play diverse roles in insect adaptation,including nutrient supplementation and provisioning,detoxification metabolism and immune defense,degradation of complex compounds such as lignocellulose,and chemical ecological functions such as regulating host behavior through the production of volatile organic compounds.These functions significantly broaden the host's trophic niche,and deeply influence insect chemical communication and behavioral decision-making through the production of volatile metabolites.Despite significant progress in this field,challenges remain in host phylogeny,elucidation of interaction molecular mechanisms,and understanding their role in macroecology.Future research should focus on integrating multi-omics technologies to explore the regulatory networks among yeasts,insects and the environment,thereby clarifying the ecological adaptability of insects and informing novel biocontrol strategies.