北京百花山华北落叶松次生林地表甲虫多样性及其对海拔梯度的响应OA

[Aim]Baihua Mountain in Beijing is an important forest ecosystem in northern China and plays a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions in North China.Ground beetles are important components of ecosystems.However,studies on the species diversity of ground beetles and its responses to altitudinal gradients in Baihua Mountain remain scarce.Taking the secondary forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve as the study area,this study investigated the species composition,community structure,species diversity,and temporal dynamics of ground beetles along different altitudinal gradients,and analyzed their response mechanisms to key environmental factors.[Methods]Six sampling plots were established at 100 m intervals along an altitudinal gradient from 1 100 m to 1 600 m in Baihua Mountain Nature Reserve.Ground beetles were systematically collected in various sampling plots using Barber pitfall traps at 15-d intervals from May to September,2025.The Margalef's richness index,Simpson's dominance index,Shannon diversity index and Pielou's evenness index were calculated.Soil temperature,moisture,pH,electrical conductivity,and herb diversity were also measured.The community composition,diversity and temporal dynamics of ground beetles,and their relationships with environmental factors were analyzed.[Results]A total of 28 604 ground beetle individuals were collected from Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve during May and September,2025,belonging to 89 species of 14 families.Carabidae and Staphylinidae were the dominant families,with their species numbers accounting for 23.60％and 16.85％of the total species number,respectively.Carabus manifestus,Pterostichus acutidens,Carabus canaliculatus and Carabus crassesculptus were the dominant species,with their individual numbers accounting for 45.44％,14.88％,6.33％and 5.65％of the individual number of ground beetles,respectively.The community composition of ground beetles varied significantly along the altitudinal gradient.The number of individuals and Simpson's dominance index of ground beetles increased and then decreased with increasing altitude,reached the peak at 1 500 m.The number of species and Margalef's richness index of ground beetles peaked at 1 400 m.The Shannon diversity index and Pielou's evenness index of ground beetles generally decreased with increasing altitude,with a slight rebound at 1 600 m.The community similarity of ground beetles decreased with increasing altitude.Pearson correlation analysis showed that both environmental factors and herb diversity influenced the community structure and diversity of ground beetles.The Shannon diversity index of herbs was the main factor affecting species number of ground beetles,while soil temperature was the primary factor influencing population size and Shannon diversity index of ground beetles.Redundancy analysis indicated that soil temperature was the most significant factor affecting the Shannon diversity index of ground beetles.[Conclusion]The ground beetles in the secondary forest of L.principis-rupprechtii in Baihua Mountain are dominated by Carabidae,with high species diversity,obvious dominant species,and significant altitudinal variation in diversity.Environmental factors significantly influence the diversity of ground beetle communities.This research provides a theoretical basis for insect diversity conservation and forest ecosystem management in this region.