脑机接口与虚拟现实融合技术调控脑卒中康复的神经机制与应用OA

Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults in China,and patients often suffer from permanent neurologi‐cal deficits,including limb motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment,which severely affect their quality of life.The integration of brain-computer interface and virtual reality(BCI-VR)technology has demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy and great po‐tential in functional rehabilitation after stroke.This review summarizes the research progress of BCI-VR technology in stroke reha‐bilitation and elucidates its core mechanisms:it induces neuroplasticity and brain network reorganization,and modulates motor-related neural networks through multimodal neurofeedback,thereby promoting brain functional reconstruction and functional recovery.This review also summarizes clinical applications of BCI-VR in the rehabilitation of upper-limb and lower-limb motor dysfunction as well as cognitive impairment,while objectively analyzing current limitations of this technology in neuromodulation mechanisms,intervention strategies,and clinical application models.Future efforts should be made to enhance signal acquisition and processing capabilities,develop individualized decoding algorithms,establish optimal configurations for multimodal feedback,and conduct large-sample,multicenter randomized controlled trials,in order to build a more comprehensive BCI-VR integrated rehabilitation sys‐tem and provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for precise and personalized stroke rehabilitation.