急性心肌梗死患者发病前疾病认知与自我管理真实体验的质性研究OA

Objective:Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is characterized by sudden onset,high mortality,and numerous long-term complications,and primary prevention is essential for reducing the risk of disease onset.Existing studies have predominantly focused on rehabilitation management after myocardial infarction,with relatively limited attention paid to disease perception and self-management experiences among high-risk individuals before disease onset.This study aims to explore the real-world experiences of disease perception and self-management before the onset of AMI,and to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the prevention and management of AMI. Methods:A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted.Using purposive sampling,17 patients diagnosed with AMI in the Department of Cardiology,Tenth People's Hospital,Tongji University,were recruited from January to March 2026.Semi-structured interviews were conducted,and the data were organized and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results:Four themes and ten sub-themes were identified:1)insufficient disease-related knowledge,including inadequate awareness of the harms of underlying diseases,poor recognition of AMI symptoms accompanied by cognitive misconceptions,and insufficient knowledge of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases;2)biased risk perception and indifference to health,including optimistic bias toward unhealthy behaviors and reliance on subjective bodily sensations rather than objective indicators to judge health status;3)inappropriate health self-management behaviors,including poor medication management with frequent self-initiated discontinuation or dose reduction,lack of chronic disease monitoring and regular follow-up,and inadequate adherence to a healthy lifestyle;and 4)passive and limited information-seeking channels,including insufficient initiative in acquiring disease-related knowledge and reliance on limited and nonstandardized sources of health information. Conclusion:Before the onset of AMI,patients commonly exhibit insufficient disease awareness and weak self-management capacity,manifested as poor adherence to chronic disease management,inadequate implementation of healthy lifestyle behaviors,and limited access to disease-related information.Clinical practice should focus on strengthening disease awareness and improving self-management capacity by establishing a comprehensive,precise,and proactive health intervention system,enhancing chronic disease supervision and cardiovascular health education for high-risk populations,and thereby reducing the risk of AMI from the source and improving long-term prognosis.