牙周状况的自我觉察与实际情况的相关性OA

Objective:Periodontitis is one of the major causes of tooth loss and impaired masticatory function in adults and is associated with multiple systemic diseases.Because the early symptoms of periodontitis are often inconspicuous and the condition becomes irreversible once it develops and progresses,self-perception of periodontal status is particularly important.The main manifestations of early periodontitis include gingival bleeding and halitosis,whereas advanced periodontitis is characterized by tooth mobility,tooth displacement,and tooth loss.Although the prevalence of periodontitis is high in China,few studies in western China have investigated the correlation between self-perception of periodontal status and actual periodontal conditions.This study aims to investigate and analyze the correlation between self-perception of periodontal status and actual periodontal conditions among patients attending the Department of Stomatology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital in Urumqi,as well as differences according to sex and age,with the aim of providing guidance for the prevention and management of periodontal diseases in this region. Methods:Questionnaire data and clinical periodontal examination data were collected from 209 patients who attended the Department of Stomatology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital in Urumqi between February 2023 and February 2024.Self-awareness of periodontal status was assessed by asking participants whether they experienced symptoms of periodontal disease,including 6 items:Bleeding during toothbrushing,tooth sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli,oral malodor,tooth mobility or difficulty in chewing,widening of interdental spaces and elongation of teeth,and food impaction.Basic demographic information,general health conditions,and medication history were also collected.Dentists who had received specialized training and passed examiner consistency assessments performed clinical periodontal examinations using a Williams graduated periodontal probe.Clinical periodontal parameters included probing depth(PD),bleeding index(BI),attachment loss(AL),plaque index(PLI),and the number of remaining teeth.PD and AL were recorded at six sites per tooth,the mesial,central,and distal sites on both the buccal and lingual(palatal)surfaces,whereas BI and PLI were recorded on the buccal and lingual(palatal)surfaces.For each periodontal symptom,participants were divided into a symptomatic group and an asymptomatic group.Differences in the mean clinical periodontal parameters between the 2 groups were compared to determine whether self-perception of periodontal status was associated with actual periodontal conditions.The percentages of participants reporting each subjective symptom were calculated,and the associations of age and sex with periodontal symptoms and clinical periodontal parameters were analyzed. Results:The prevalence of individual self-reported periodontal symptoms in this study population ranged from 40.2%to 79.4%.Food impaction was the most frequently reported symptom(79.4%),followed by oral malodor(52.6%),tooth sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli(51.2%),and bleeding during toothbrushing(50.2%).The proportions of participants reporting subjective symptoms did not differ significantly between sexes(all P>0.05).The age of the subjects in the symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic group(all P<0.05).Meanwhile,except for PLI(P=0.003),no significant sex differences were observed in the other clinical periodontal parameters,including PD,AL,BI,and the number of remaining teeth(all P>0.05).However,PD(r=0.461,95%CI 0.347 to 0.562),BI(r=0.432,95%CI 0.316 to 0.535),AL(r=0.675,95%CI 0.594 to 0.744),and PLI(r=0.491,95%CI 0.379 to 0.586)were positively correlated with age(all P<0.05),whereas the number of remaining teeth was negatively correlated with age(r=−0.458,95%CI −0.559 to −0.344,P<0.05).PD,AL,BI,and PLI differed significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups(P<0.05).The number of remaining teeth did not differ significantly between groups defined by the presence or absence of bleeding during toothbrushing or food impaction(both P>0.05),but differed significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups for the other symptoms(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Most participants are aware of their periodontal status,and their self-perception is significantly associated with their actual periodontal conditions.Periodontal symptoms such as food impaction,oral malodor,and bleeding during toothbrushing were highly prevalent,while tooth sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli,tooth mobility or difficulty in chewing,widening of interdental spaces,and elongation of teeth are also frequently reported.With increasing age,the prevalence of periodontal symptoms increases and clinical periodontal parameters indicated greater severity of periodontitis,whereas sex is not significantly associated with these measures,except for PLI.