"双冲突"下欧盟能源安全的困境、根源及应对OACHSSCD

Since the outbreak of the U.S.-Israel-Iran conflict,the European Union(EU)has faced mounting energy crisis.The EU has once again come under the dual pressures of sharp energy price volatility and supply shortages,while the security of energy transit routes in some member states has also been seriously challenged.Together with the continuing spillover of the conflict's economic effects,these developments have exposed the EU to multidimensional energy security risks.The underlying causes lie in the profound restructuring of the EU energy security architecture following the Russia-Ukraine conflict.The decoupling and reconfiguration of its energy relationship with Russia have not altered its fundamental dependence on external energy supplies;meanwhile,its dependence on the United States for energy and economic support has deepened,and Europe's energy transition has experienced periodic fluctuations.These factors have made the EU more vulnerable to geopolitical instability in the Middle East.In response to the renewed energy security pressures arising from the U.S.-Israel-Iran conflict,the EU is further adjusting its overall energy security system by advancing the green energy transition,revising its nuclear energy policy and redefining the role of nuclear power in the energy system,and expanding energy diplomacy and strengthening external cooperation.In the long term,whether the EU can fundamentally improve its energy security will depend on its ability to balance reduced dependence on external fossil fuels,enhance its energy-system resilience,and keep economic competitiveness.Building a more autonomous,low-carbon,and stable energy system remains a central task for EU energy policy.