5个主推'长林'油茶品种的杂交结实特性研究OA

[Objective]This study investigated the fruiting characteristics of hybrids among five major Camellia oleifera'Changlin'varieties in Jiangxi Province to optimize variety configuration and provide a scientific basis for cultivation.[Method]Using'CL4','CL40',and'CL53'as female parents and'CL4','CL40','CL53','CL18',and'CL3'as male parents,15 artificial pollination combinations were created.Artificial pollination and bagging were conducted during full bloom.The following year,fruit set rate,fruit drop rate,fruit morphological indicators,and economic traits were measured.Principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation.[Result]Among the fruiting characteristics,hybrid combinations with'CL53'as the female parent performed best,exhibiting significantly higher seed setting rates than other combinations.Notably,'CL53'×'CL40'(65.21%),'CL53'×'CL3'(64.17%),and'CL53'×'CL18'(56.68%)showed relatively high seed setting rates.The order of self-pollination seed setting rates was'CL53'(10.39%)>'CL40'(7.53%)>'CL4'(1.72%).In terms of fruit quality,outcrossed combinations with'CL53'as the female parent significantly outperformed self-pollinated combinations in single fruit weight,fresh seed weight,fresh fruit oil yield,and seed kernel oil content.For combinations with'CL40'as the female parent,using'CL3'and'CL53'as male parents significantly improved fruit quality.The'CL4'×'CL3'combination achieved the highest dry seed kernel rate(57.32%).A comprehensive evaluation based on 12 economic trait indicators revealed that'CL53'×'CL3','CL53'×'CL18',and'CL53'×'CL40'ranked first,second,and third,respectively,with closely grouped scores significantly higher than those of the other 12 combina-tions.[Conclusion]The self-pollination fruit set rates of'CL4','CL40',and'CL53'are relatively low,indicating that pollinator varieties should be configured.'CL53'demonstrates the highest fruit set rate and is recommended as the preferred main cultivar.When'CL40'is configured with'CL3'as the male parent,it achieves the highest oil content and a relatively high fruit set rate,making it suitable as a main cultivar alongside'CL53'when'CL3'is used as the pollinator.Among the five Changlin varieties used as male parents,'CL3'and'CL53'are superior.