基于"脾为之卫"探讨肠道菌群与结直肠癌的相关性OA

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system,posing a severe threat to public health.Its occurrence and development are closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune disorders within the tumor microenvironment.This article systematically combs the interaction mechanism between gut microbiota and intestinal immunity,clarifying that microbiota dysbiosis can induce chronic inflammation and immune escape,thereby creating conditions for the development of CRC.It further elaborates on the correlation between the CRC tumor microenvironment and gut microbiota:Imbalanced microbiota can promote tumor progression by activating inflammatory pathways and suppressing anti-tumor immunity,while regulating microbiota can improve the immune microenvironment and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.The theory of"spleen as the guardian"originates from Ling Shu(《灵枢》).Its core connotation lies in the spleen's role in transforming food essence into defensive Qi(气),constructing the body's anti-pathogenic barrier and nourishing the whole body.Impaired spleen transportation leads to internal retention of dampness and stagnation of Qi and blood,which is highly consistent with the modern biological mechanism by which gut microbiota homeostasis maintains the intestinal immune barrier.Insufficient spleen function not only deprives the source of defensive Qi generation but also disrupts the structural composition of gut microbiota-such as reduced abundance of beneficial bacteria,excessive proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,and abnormal metabolites of microbiota-ultimately damaging the intestinal immune barrier.Based on this,taking the classic TCM theory of"spleen as the guardian"as the core entry point,this article integrates multi-dimensional research evidence to systematically analyze the internal correlation between the two.It innovatively constructs a theoretical system of"spleen as the guardian-gut microbiota homeostasis-CRC immune regulation".Meanwhile,it summarizes the multi-dimensional regulatory advantages of TCM interventions,including increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria,repairing the intestinal barrier,regulating flora metabolism,and inhibiting inflammation.This study provides a new theoretical direction for individualized CRC diagnosis and treatment and the optimization of immunotherapy,as well as strong support for the modern transformation and clinical application of TCM theories.