青藏高原有色青稞籽粒性状遗传多样性分析及优良种质综合评价OA

To investigate the genetic diversity of key grain traits in colored hulless barley germplasm from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,122 accessions from Qinghai,Xizang,Sichuan,Gansu,and Yunnan were evaluated across four environments for six grain traits—thousand grain weight,grain length,grain width,grain thickness,grain area,and grain roundness-using an integrated framework combining genetic diversity,correlation,principal component,cluster,and comprehensive grain trait evaluation to screen for elite germplasm.The results showed extensive phenotypic variation across all six grain traits.Thousand-grain weight exhibited the highest coefficient of genetic variation,while grain width showed the lowest.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index for each grain trait ranged from 1.95 to 2.09.All grain traits were significantly influenced by environment,genotype,and their interaction.Correlations were commonly observed among grain traits,with a correlation coefficient of 0.89 between thousand grain weight and grain area,and a correlation coefficient of-0.69 between grain length and grain roundness.The first two principal components collectively accounted for 94.073％of the total phenotypic variance,with thousand-grain weight,grain width,and grain thickness being the predominant contributors to the first principal component,whereas grain length and grain roundness dominated the second.Cluster analysis categorized the 122 accessions into four distinct groups.Group Ⅰ,comprising 32 accessions,displayed the most optimal comprehensive trait profile,characterized by maximal values for thousand grain weight,grain length,grain width,grain thickness,and grain area,thereby manifesting a typical large-grain ideotype that holds significant potential as parental material for high-yield hulless barley breeding.Based on the comprehensive(F-scores),the top ten accessions—Ziqingke,Chaqingmeicha,Xiajiaozi,Chajiu,Hunzai Naiqingzhong,Haiqinghei No.2,Wumu,Naimuchai,Naina,and Cheduozi—were identified as elite parental lines for grain trait improvement and novel variety development in hulless barley germplasm resources.