DLK1-DIO3印记簇在家畜胚胎发育中的研究进展OA

Imprinted genes are regulated through epigenetic mechanisms and are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.These genes are often clustered together and serve as crucial regulators in normal embryonic development and individual health.The DLK1-DIO3 imprinted cluster is a key regulatory region influencing livestock embryonic development and placental formation.The imprinting status of this cluster is primarily determined by the parent-of-origin-specific methylation of the core imprinting control region,IG-DMR(Imprinting Gene Differentially Methylated Region),which governs the overall parent-specific expression pattern of the cluster.GTL2-DMR(GTL2-Differentially Methylated Region),as a secondary DMR,maintains the stable expression of the maternal transcripts.This review summarizes the composition,imprinting regulation,and functional roles of this cluster,with a particular focus on the regulatory functions of the paternal genes DLK1,RTL1,DIO3,and the maternal gene GTL2 in placental angiogenesis,muscle growth,neural differentiation,and energy metabolism.The case of the Callipyge(CLPG)sheep,exhibiting a polar overdominant inheritance pattern,highlights the potential of manipulating this gene cluster to improve meat production traits and reproductive performance in livestock,so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the production performance and reproductive efficiency of livestock.