反刍家畜上胚层干细胞建系及其应用前景OA

Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)hold broad prospects in clinical medicine and animal breeding.Cattle and sheep are important ruminant livestock in husbandry.In recent years,researchers have successfully established stable PSCs from cattle and sheep by analyzing the pluripotent mechanisms of early embryo development.The established PSCs maintain pluripotency of the epiblast and exhibit stem cell characteristic properties,and preserve genome stability during long-term passage.This article reviews the developmental features and key events of pre-implantation embryos in cattle and sheep,elucidating the mechanisms underlying early embryo cell fate determination and differentiation.It further delineates the pluripotency of epiblast transition from naive to formative and primed state,highlighting that WNT inhibition and FGF activation are crucial for derivation of stable formative and primed state PSCs.Nevertheless,naive PSCs capable of germline transmission have not yet been successfully established in livestock,representing a persistent bottleneck in the field.Finally,it provides perspectives on the applications of PSCs in basic research,construction of blastoid models,and breeding of superior livestock breeds,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the establishment and application of ruminant livestock stem cells.